Japanese Myths in Dungeons & Dragons

D&D is if anything a playground for brewing cocktails of legendary stories. Stories steeped in a broth of human experiences that penetrate the greater depths of our psyches. I don’t know about you, but that’s half the incentive — to try on new ways of being, seeing, and moving through the world.

I’ve long had an interest in researching the East Asian aspects of D&D and took a moment during summer recess to dive deeply into these concepts. Now, it’s safe to say, from the perspective of a career in Japanese literature and folk studies, that Japanese mythology has deeply impacted contemporary society, not to mention reconceptualized the notion of play, D&D is no exception.

Japanese mythology fuels particular elements of Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), enriching the game with unique creatures, character classes, and spiritual philosophies. This influence is evident in various aspects of the game, from monsters and deities to the incorporation of Japanese-inspired character classes and magical items.

Dragons and Mythical Beasts

Dragons in Japanese mythology, known as “ryū” or “tatsu,” differ significantly from their Western counterparts. They are often associated with water, wisdom, and benevolence, rather than fire and destruction. In D&D, this is reflected in the presence of Eastern dragons, such as the Lung dragons, which are depicted as wise and powerful beings that can be both benevolent and malevolent.

References:

• “Monster Manual” (5th Edition), Lung Dragons: p. 178-179.

Oni

Oni, or Japanese demons, are fearsome creatures in Japanese folklore. These ogre-like beings are often depicted as malevolent spirits or monsters that challenge heroes and cause havoc. In D&D, Oni are similarly portrayed as powerful, shape-shifting ogres with magical abilities, often serving as formidable adversaries for adventurers.

References:

• “Monster Manual” (5th Edition), Oni: p. 239.

Kami and Shinto Influences

The concept of Kami, spirits revered in Shinto religion, also finds its way into D&D. Kami are divine spirits associated with natural elements, ancestors, and sacred places. In D&D, similar spirits and deities can be found, reflecting the spiritual and nature-focused aspects of Shinto. Characters like clerics and druids often interact with nature spirits and deities, mirroring the reverence for Kami in Japanese culture.

References:

• “Dungeon Master’s Guide” (5th Edition), Deities and Pantheons: p. 10-15.

Samurai and Ninja Classes

Japanese warrior traditions, particularly those of the samurai and ninja, have inspired several character classes in D&D. The samurai, with their code of honor and martial prowess, are often represented through subclasses like the Samurai fighter in D&D. Ninjas, known for their stealth and agility, influence the rogue archetypes, specifically the Assassin and Shadow Monk subclasses.

References:

• “Xanathar’s Guide to Everything” (5th Edition), Samurai: p. 30-31.
• “Player’s Handbook” (5th Edition), Assassin Rogue and Shadow Monk: p. 97-99, 79-80.

Spiritual Practices and Monk Class

The Monk class in D&D draws heavily from Eastern philosophies, including Japanese Zen Buddhism and martial arts traditions. Monks in D&D are depicted as ascetic warriors who channel their inner ki (a concept similar to chi or life force) to perform extraordinary feats of agility and combat prowess. This class captures the essence of Japanese martial arts and spiritual discipline.

References:

• “Player’s Handbook” (5th Edition), Monk: p. 76-80.

Yokai

Yokai are a diverse class of supernatural beings in Japanese folklore, ranging from mischievous spirits to malevolent demons. D&D incorporates various Yokai-inspired creatures, adding to the rich tapestry of monsters that players can encounter. These beings often possess unique abilities and characteristics that challenge adventurers in novel ways.

References:

• “Volo’s Guide to Monsters” (5th Edition), Yokai-inspired creatures: p. 170-175.

From the Pillars of Baldur’s Gate and Beyond.

The integration of Japanese mythology into Dungeons & Dragons enriches the game, providing players with a diverse array of creatures, character classes, and spiritual philosophies to explore. By drawing from the deep well of Japanese legends and cultural practices, D&D offers a unique and immersive experience that resonates with players worldwide. This melding of mythologies not only enhances the game’s fantasy setting but also fosters a greater appreciation for the cultural stories that shape our understanding of heroism, spirituality, and the supernatural.

For more detailed explorations of these mythological influences, the Dungeons & Dragons “Monster Manual,” “Dungeon Master’s Guide,” and other sourcebooks provide comprehensive information and are essential resources for any player or Dungeon Master.